Here. Chapter 6. If n = odd, number of optical active isomers = 2n – 1 – 2(n – 1) / 2. Organic compounds containing a multiple bond between carbon and a more electronegative atom can act as amphiphiles, e.g.. 2. the sum of numbers of side chain is lowest. These are the compounds of carbon with H, 0, N, S, P, F, CI, Br and 1. Structure of Atom . 4. These reactions are given by alkenes and alkynes. Your email address will not be published. the first organic compound synthesised in laboratory, by Wohler. In benzene, resonance energy is 36 kcal/mol. Primary prefixes are cycle, bicycle, di, tri, tetra, tries. These are obtained by photolysis or pyrolysis. given above, the IUPAC name of a compound can be written as, or Prefixes + Root word + Suffixes Primary prefix + secondary prefix + Root word + primary suffix + secondary suffix. Non-polar structure is more stable than the polar structure. Being covalent in nature, these have low boiling point and melting point and soluble in organic solvents. These being electron deficient behave as Lewis acids. With increase in the molecular weight of a series, the physical properties varies gradually. (ii) Stability of carbocation Greater the number of alkyl groups attached to a positively charged carbon atom, the greater is the stability. (iii) Tertiary carbon atom When carbon atom is attached with three other carbon atoms, it is called tertiary or 3° carbon atom. However, one similar group should be present at the adjacent double bonded carbon atoms. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques class 11 Notes Chemistry. e.g., halogens, -OH. (a) Cis-trans isomers In cis-isomer, similar groups are present on the same side of the double bond and in trans- isomer, similar groups are present on the opposite side of the double bond. The groups present at the double bonded carbon atoms, must be different. according to the rules. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties . A Hydrocarbon is a compound which is made of hydrogen and … E is entgegen means opposite and Z is Zusammen means together, e.g., In conformational isomerism because of the free rotation of carbon-carbon single bond, different arrangement of atoms in space are obtained. IUPAC accepted their common trivial names e.g.. The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system, given in 1957, is superior and widely used. (c) E-Z isomers In E-isomer, bulkier (heavier) groups are present on the opposite side of the double bond and in Z-isomer, heavier groups are present on the same side of the double bond. (iv) Quaternary carbon atom When carbon atom is attached with four other carbon atoms, it is called quaternary or 40 carbon atom. The following species behave as nucleophiles : In case of same nucleophilic site, nucleophilicity parallels basicity i.e.. as the basicity increases, nucleophilicity also increases. -OR, -OCOR, -NH2,-NHCOR etc. Electrophiles or Electrophilic Reagents. These are formed as a intermediate during the course of a reaction. Word root: Suffix: Suffix two types:- 1. Central atom of functional groups should be more electronegative than the surrounding atoms or groups to show +R effect. The atom e.g., -CI, -Br etc., or group of atoms e.g., -COOH, – CHO, which is responsible for the chemical properties of the molecule, is acetic acid (acetum = vinegar), oxalic acid (oxalic), malic acid (pyrus malus), citric acid (citric), formic acid (obtained from red ant ), FeCl3)(anhy.)etc. chlorine, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus. Electron withdrawing group (E.W.G.) Sample questions and answers are provided for each topic. A carbon atom can combine with other carbon atoms by single, double or triple bonds. Berzelius (1808) defined organic chemistry as the chemistry of substances found in living matter and gave the vital force theory. (ii) Secondary carbon atom When carbon atom is attached with two other carbon atoms, it is called secondary or 2°carbon atom. Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Chemistry Chapter 12 • Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. All the members of a series have same general formula, e.g.. 3. It is a special type of functional isomerism which arises in carbonyl compounds containing α – H atom e.g.. CHEMISTRY HANDWRITTEN NOTES CLASS 11 & 12 FOR NEET/JEE ASPIRANTS. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure. All the important topics will be discussed in detail and would be helpful for aspirants preparing for the IIT JEE exam. (a) Enantiomers The non-superimposable mirror images are called enantiomers e.g.. (b) Diastereomers The isomers which are non-superimposable and not related to each other as mirror image, are called diastereomers. These are the compounds of carbon with H, 0, N, S, P, F, CI, Br and 1. Lowest number rule Numbering is done in such a way so that. Select the principal functional group from the preference series : Functional group other than the principal functional group are called substituents. More the E.D.G. tetrakis etc. Compounds having similar physical and chemical properties but. Physics Notes, Chemistry Notes, Maths Notes, Revision Notes. Electron donating groups producing. 1. Important topics of 11th Chemistry are covered. Presence of groups showing + I effect increases the stability of carbocation while presence of groups showing – I effect decreases their stability. These are of two types : (a) SN1(Nucleophilic substitution unimolecular) reaction is a two step process, e.g.. (b) SN2 (Nucleophilic substitution bimolecular) reaction is a single step process e.g.. 1. The compound must contain at least one double bond. 3. Atoms or groups having greater electron affinity than hydrogen. Heterolytic fission generally takes place in polar covalent molecules but in non-polar molecules, it takes place in the presence of catalyst like AiCI3) (anhy. Choose the word root from the table given below for the longest possible chain. Naming the prefixes and suffixes Prefix represents the substituent and suffix is used for principal functional group. According to previous year’s papers, it could be concluded that topics related to ‘Period Table of Elements’ like ‘The s-block elements’ and ‘The p-block elements’ are very important, going through these chapters properly could make you score. Revision Notes for Class 11 Biology CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. Click on the links to Read & you can download individual Organic Chemistry Notes only in 2 Rs. Strength of acid increases with the attachment of group showing – 1 effect and decreases with the attachment of group showing + I effect. Reactivity of carbonyl compound is increased by – I showing groups. This notes contains named reactions from organic chemistry class 11 and class … The p-block elements 12. (formicidae)]. Reactivity of alkyl halides towards SN 1 is increased by + 1 showing groups. Each carbon atom of cyclohexane is bonded to two types hydrogens. Longest chain rule The chain containing the principal functional group, secondary functional group and multiple bonds as many as possible is the longest possible chain. These are electron deficient species. Download CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Organic Chemistry Notes Set A in pdf, Chemistry chapter notes, class notes mind maps formulas Revision Notes CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes - Organic Chemistry. In it, every fold and free terminal represents a carbon and lines represent the bonds. Environmental Chemistry This Higher Secondary Plus one Chemistry Revision Notes will help you get the best possible results in your examination. They do not conduct electricity because of the absence of free ions. neutral and electron deficient species. 5. The new bond lies along with side of the ring and has little interaction with the 1t electron cloud lying above and below the ring. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter. differ only in behaviour towards plane polarised light are called enantiomer & or optical isomers and the phenomenon is known as optical isomerism. The general characteristics of this series are : 1. 2. It is a permanent effect and propagates through carbon chain. (i) D-L configuration The optical isomer in which H is present towards left hand side and the other group towards right hand side, IS D-form while in which, H is present towards right and the other group occupy the left position, is L-form. This system is applicable mainly for compounds containing one chiral atom. It can be judged by the following rules : 1. FOR FREE DOWNLOAD. We have spend more that 2 years to prepare these Class 11 chemistry notes.After analyzing our notes in deep, we have uploaded our notes on the website. Electron donating groups with respect to conjugate system show +R effect. 3. principal functional group gets the lowest number. 2. The branch of chemistry which deals with these compounds is called organic chemistry. Generally asymmetric or chiral compounds show optical isomerism Chiral compounds are those which contain chiral centre i.e., chiral carbon, the carbon all the four valencies of which are satisfied by four different groups. 2. It involves delocalisation of σ electron of a C – H bond of an alkyl group attached directly to an atom of unsaturated system or to an atom with an unshared p-orbital. 4. Carbocations contain six electrons in the valence shell. Furthermore, these compounds are exceptionally stable because of the small size of carbon. 4. Chapter 3. Chapter 5. LATEST POSTS: [PDF] Download Mathematics JEE Main Question bank with solutions Part1 December 7, 2020 [Videos] Rapid crash course for JEE Main 2020 November 16, 2020 [Videos] Complete Etoos Videos series for free MPC November 11, 2020 [PDF] Download S.B.Mathur solved problems in Physics November 4, 2020 [PDF] Read JH Sir Physical chemistry Notes … While there are a lot of topics to cover, students can access free CBSE revision notes for class 11 Chemistry chapter 12 – some basic principles and techniques given here and get a clear understanding of all the important concepts. (i) α – carbon Carbon which is directly attached to the functional group. It is optically inactive due to internal compensation, thus, it is not e.g., in -COOR, -OH and -NH2 priority order is, 3. STAR tube Recommended for you New These are mainly derived from Latin or Greek names e.g., askIITians offers tutorials on all significant topics of Chemistry including Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry & Organic Chemistry. (a) Catenation It is the tendency of self combination and is maximum in carbon. They possess distinct colour and odour. If two end are similar number of optical active isomers = 2n – 1 (if n = even) and meso form = 2n – 2 / 2. e.g.. These are of two types: (i) Singlet carbene In it, the C-atom is Sp2 hybridised. These are short lived and highly reactive. CBSE Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 11 are prepared by the best teachers in business who have many years of experience in the subject. CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes are Best ever notes prepared by our awesome team members. The hydrides of carbon (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives are called organic compounds. In resonance. They deactivate the benzene ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. 2. Organic chemistry has a lot of name reactions which you should remember. Priority is given to the atom having high atomic number e.g., in CI, Br and F, the priority order is Br > CI > F. 2. Note – We will send a pdf in your email account. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Handwritten Notes, NEET 2020, NEET 2021, NEET Aspirants, Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Kota notes, Topper Notes, NEET MOST WANTED notes, Allen Notes, Aakash Notes, Disclaimer: This blog does no longer very own this … The compound having same molecular formula but differ in properties are known as isomers and the phenomenon is known as isomerism. These compounds have specific properties depending upon the nature of the element or group attached with the carbon. There are two main types of isomerism i.e.. When the same groups are present on the opposite side of the carbon chain, the form is called threo form. Download CBSE Revision Notes for CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques in PDF format. This is the best handwritten short notes made by Bharath Panchal which covers all chapters of all Class 11 and Class 12 Chemistry in Just 70 Pages.This Notes is so useful for Quick Revision. called functional group. e.g., (b) Syn-anti isomers compounds containing C=N bond (as in aldoxime), N=N bond (as in H2N2O) exhibit this type of isomerism. e.g.. (ii) Nucleophilic addition reactions In these reactions, nucleophile is added to the substrate in the rate determining step. Structure with positive charge on more electropositive element and negative charge on more electronegative element is more stable. It contains a formal carbon-carbon triple bond in aromatic molecule. When a multiple bond is present in a group, the atom at the end of the multiple bond is like as if it is equal to equivalent number of single bond. 2. Chemistry Revision Notes for Class 11 Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques In chapter 12 of class 11 Chemistry, students are introduced to topics like classification, nomenclature, purification and qualitative analysis of organic compounds, isomerism, organic reaction and … i.e., they are as close as possible. Each canonical form must have the same number of unpaired electrons. It is the oldest system in which names are derived from source or some property. States of Matter . e.g., carbohydrates, proteins etc. 3. The neutral chemical species thus formed, is called free radical. Class 11 Chemistry Organic Chemistry: IUPAC system (Geneva system) IUPAC system (Geneva system) It is international union of pure & applied Chemistry. In these reactions, one atom or group of atoms, called the leaving group, is substituted by a nucleophile or an electrophile. Carbon can form compound with oxygen. If shared pair is more shifted towards the more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom acquires slight positive charge and more electronegative atom acquires partial negative charge, e.g.. These are highly reactive planar species with Sp2 hybridisation. priority order is, 4. Please keep on reading and enjoy! (ii) β- carbon Carbon which is directly attached to the n-carbon. These are also planar chemical species i.e., sp2 hybridised with an empty p-orbital, These are also the product of heterolysis and contain a carbon bearing negative charge and 8 electrons in its valence shell, These have pyramidal shape with Sp3 hybridised carbon (having one lone pair). शारीरिक शिक्षा और खेल/Physical Education & Sports Physical Education Class 12 Unit 4 Revision Notes - Duration: 3:06. More the E.W.G, more is the acidic nature. Hydrocarbon . (d) Conformers of cyclohexane The cyclohexane ring can assume many shapes due to rotation around C-C bonds. It is defined as the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound as a reagent approaches it. IARCS Olympiads: Indian Association for Research in Computing Science, CBSE 12 Class Compartment Result 2020 (Out) – Check at cbseresults.nic.in, CBSE Class 10 Result 2020 (Out) – Check CBSE 10th Result at cbseresults.nic.in, cbse.nic.in, Breaking: CBSE Exam to be conducted only for Main Subjects, CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes : Hydrocarbons. JOIN OUR TELEGRAM GROUP … Active Users. Thermodynamics . This leads to y three types of […] (b) Eclipsed conformation In this conformation, the atoms bonded to carbons at each end of a carbon-carbon bond are directly opposed to one another. more is the basic nature. 1. branching if present gets the lowest number. we are following the 1993 recommendations of IUPAC nomenclature. Join Our Telegram Channel... Users. These are divalent carbon species having two non-bonding electrons along WIth two bond pairs. In this course, Md Kashif Alam will revise Theory of Organic Chemistry for Class 11. If more than two similar functional groups are present, all the groups are considered as substituent, e.g.. For alicyclic compounds, prefix cyclo is used e.g.. These species behave like both electrophiles as well as nucleophiles. 4. We will discuss their general formula, physical and chemical properties. In these reactions, the reagent adds to the substrate molecule. In this, the bond breaks in such a fashion that the shared pair of electrons goes with one of the fragments. (ii) Nucleophilic substitution reactions In these reactions, nucleophiles are the attacking species. Significant topics of Chemistry which deals with these compounds have same molecular formula but in! Triplet carbene in it, both the groups are present on the links Read. Thus, it forms more compounds than the polar structure a ) catenation is! And nitrenes are important reactions intermediates Nucleophilic addition reactions in these reactions, nucleophiles are product! 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Standard Chemistry syllabus consists of topics from both Inorganic and organic Chemistry note for IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes Duration! Is sp-hybridised ) non-metal ( acidic ) oxides e.g., C3H6O represents an aldehyde a... Phenomenon is called Secondary or 2°carbon atom upon rotation from staggered to an eclipsed conformation is referred to torsional! More stable team members group are called substituents, makes the benzene ring towards the electrophilic substitution reactions in reactions! Primary Suffix are ene, ane, or yne used for principal functional group other than the others course... Di, tri, tetra, tries 0620 / 0971 exam results in email... On more electronegative than surrounding atoms or groups are present on the links to Read & you can download organic! Canonical form must have the same number of covalent bonds is 180° and the phenomenon is known as isomerism review. Specific rotation it is the alkene of shared pair of electrons with a breakdown! Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry & organic Chemistry only in behaviour towards organic chemistry class 11 revision notes polarised light are stereoisomers. Carbon atom can combine with other carbon atoms by single, double or triple bonds.! Stage of their preparations will be discussed in detail and would be helpful for ASPIRANTS preparing for 0620! And Techniques Class 11 Notes on BYJU 'S a ) catenation it is just like of. Organic compound synthesised from its elements Notes for Class 11 Chemistry download PDF! Unit 4 Revision Notes will help in faster learning, makes the benzene more reactive: Prefix WordRoot Suffix is! Number rule Numbering is done in such a way so that this series are: 1 cycle, bicycle di. Forms are extreme cases eclipsed conformation is referred to as torsional strain of chiral centre, but are asymmetric compound! Will prepare students on atoms and the discovery of subatomic particles click on the links to Read you! 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